بررسی تأثیر عدم شفافیت بانکی بر توانایی اعمال سیاست چشم‌پوشی توسط مقام نظارتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه حسابداری، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حسابداری، پردیس البرز دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: عدم شفافیت بانکی، در ارزیابی سلامت و ریسک بانک‌ها اخلال ایجاد می‌کند؛ اما شفافیت نیز همیشه مطلوب نیست؛ زیرا می‌تواند به گسترش عدم اطمینان به بانک‌های سالم و بروز پدیده هجوم بانکی منجر شود. یکی از وظایف مقام نظارتی، انحلال بانک‌های مشکل‌دار است؛ اما گاهی مقام نظارتی با اعمال سیاست چشم‌پوشی، به بانک‌های مشکل‌دار اجازه می‌دهد تا به فعالیت ادامه دهند تا خود را بازسازی کنند. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر عدم شفافیت بانکی بر توانایی مقام نظارتی برای اعمال سیاست نظارتی چشم‌پوشی در دوران بحران بانکی می‌پردازد.
روش: جامعه آماری پژوهش، کلیه بانک‌های تجاری، طی سال‌های 1392 تا 1398 بود و داده‌های پژوهش، از صورت‌های مالی 20 بانک تجاری طی سال‌های یاد شده به‌دست آمد. به‌منظور آزمون فرضیه‌های پژوهش، از مدل رگرسیون OLS برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های پانل استفاده شد. میزان شفافیت بانک، از دو روش رایج‌تری که در پژوهش‌های اخیر به‌کار رفته بود، سنجیده شد. علاوه بر این، برای کنترل اثرهای مخدوش‌کننده سال‌های مختلف، چند متغیر ساختگی به مدل‌های رگرسیون افزوده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که علاوه بر وجود بحران در سال‌های بررسی‌شده، بین عدم شفافیت بانکی و ‌چشم‌پوشی مقام نظارتی، رابطه مثبت و معنادار وجود دارد و این رابطه در این دو حالت قوی‌تر خواهد شد: نخست اینکه انگیزه‌های مقام نظارتی برای چشم‌پوشی بیشتر باشد و دوم، انگیزه‌های افراد برون‌سازمانی برای نظارت بیشتر باشد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، عدم شفافیت بانکی با احتمال ورشکستگی طی دوران بحران بانکی رابطه منفی و معناداری دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که عدم شفافیت بانکی، مقام‌ نظارتی را قادر می‌سازد که در خصوص بانک‌های مرتبط به هم، سیاست چشم‌پوشی را اعمال کرده و از سرایت بحران بانکی جلوگیری کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Investigation on the Effect of the Bank Opacity on the Regulatory Forbearance

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sasan Mehrani 1
  • Faezeh Mohammadi Oroojeh 2
1 Associate Prof., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Accounting, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

 
Objective: One of the recent debates in the banking system is whether the bank opacity is an optimal approach or not. On one side, the bank opacity is known as an important factor to banking crisis as it prevents users to better analyze the banks. On the other hand, the bank transparency as the opposite side of bank opacity may end in spreading financial crisis as it causes depositors to run to withdraw their deposits (bank runs). Bank regulators are responsible to monitor banks and making decisions regarding troubled banks. Regulators may decide to forbear instead of corrective actions for many reasons. Regulatory forbearance provides the troubled bank with the opportunity to recover and prevents costly intervention of regulators. However, some researches shows that the regulatory forbearance may let the troubled bank take more risk and ends with an increase in the cost of intervention. Forbearance is the most common practice of regulators especially in financial crisis during which limiting the loss of depositors' and creditors' confidence is one of the core purposes. Also, if the troubles of a bank get disclosed to outsiders, the regulator will be under pressure to close the banks. This study has implications for the debate of bank opacity and its role in bank regulators' policy selection.
Methods: To test the hypotheses, the OLS regression model is used for panel data analysis. Bank opacity is measured via 2 more popular methods used in recent researches. In addition, to control for confounding effects of different years, we added dummy variables to the regression models. The data obtained from the financial statements of 20 commercial banks from 2014 to 2020.
Results: Results show that the banking system suffers from crisis during the period of investigation and the bank opacity has a positive relation with regulatory forbearance. Furthermore, the results show that opacity is more important for forbearance when (1) regulators’ incentives are greater (as measured by bank connectedness) and (2) outsiders’ incentives to monitor are stronger (as measured by the proportion of nondepository debtholders). In addition, results indicate that bank opacity has negative relation with the probability of failing during a crisis.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the opacity enables regulators to forbear and contribute to the debate regarding bank opacity being optimal or not. This study furthers our understanding of the role of accounting in helping bank regulators to better define approaches they can take during a financial crisis. These results suggest that bank opacity can be desirable during a crisis period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bank opacity
  • Banking crisis
  • Regulatory forbearance
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