افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری و عملکرد شرکت : تعدیلگری استراتژی تجاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حسابداری، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه حسابداری، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه حسابداری، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

10.22059/acctgrev.2024.382288.1009015

چکیده

هدف: کمبود منابع و استفاده بهینه از آن، چالش اصلی جهان در قرن حاضر است، این چالش توجه همگان را به‌سوی مفهوم پایداری و تأثیرهای آن و به‌طور کلی، مفهوم توسعۀ پایدار جلب کرده است. توسعۀ پایدار مستلزم آن است که شرکت‌ها راهبردهایی را پیاده‌سازی کنند که علاوه‌بر اهداف و عملکرد اقتصادی، سایر ابعاد توسعۀ پایدار، از جمله زیست‌محیطی و اجتماعی را نیز دربرگیرد. همچنین شرکت‎‌ها به‌عنوان یکی از ارکان اصلی جامعه، از تأثیرگذاران مهم روی روند توسعۀ پایدار هستند و بدون همکاری آن‌ها، هیچ اقدامی در مسیر پایداری به سرانجام نخواهد رسید. از آنجایی که انجام فعالیت‌های پایداری، مقدمه‌ای برای افشای اطلاعات پایداری، جهت بهره‌مند شدن شرکت‌ها از مزایای اجرا و افشای پایداری است، هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری بر عملکرد شرکت با نقش تعدیلگری استراتژی تجاری است.
روش: پژوهش حاضر از منظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش، در زمره پژوهش‌های توصیفی ـ هم‌بستگی قرار دارد. اطلاعات و مبانی نظری با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای و داده‌های مالی نیز با استفاده از روش اسنادکاوی از صورت‌های مالی حسابرسی‌شده و اطلاعات پایداری با روش تحلیل محتوا و عمل مپینگ از گزارش‌های هیئت‌مدیره (یا پایداری) شرکت‌ها جمع‌آوری شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، ۱۰۲ شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، طی سال‌های ۱۳۹۷ تا ۱۴۰۱ است.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بین افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری و عملکرد شرکت، رابطه مثبت معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین، استراتژی تجاری، در رابطۀ بین افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری و عملکرد شرکت، نقش تعدیل‌کننده دارد و باعث تقویت این رابطۀ مثبت می‌شود.
نتیجه‌گیری: هدف مدیر افزایش ثروت سهام‌داران است، به این منظور برای حداکثر کردن سود تلاش می‌کند. در این راستا مدیر می‌تواند علاوه‌بر سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مالی سنتی، به نوع جدیدی از سرمایه‌گذاری که سرمایه‌گذاری در فعالیت‌های پایداری نامیده می‌شود، اقدام کند. به همین دلیل است که سرمایه‌گذاران با افق بلندمدت‌تر، شرکت‌هایی را ترجیح می‌دهند که از لحاظ محیطی، اجتماعی و حاکمیتی بهتر باشند. در حالی که سرمایه‌گذاران با افق کوتاه‌مدت، برعکس آن را ترجیح می‌دهند. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد شرکت‌هایی که به میزان بیشتری به افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری اقدام کرده‌اند، عملکرد و ارزش بالاتری نسبت به شرکت‌هایی دارند که کمتر به افشای این گونه اطلاعات اقدام کرده‌اند. به عبارت دیگر، شرکت با افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری، باعث ایجاد و بهبود مزیت رقابتی و در نهایت باعث افزایش ارزش و عملکرد شرکتی می‎شود. همچنین با توجه به یافته‌ها، استراتژی تجاری در رابطۀ افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری و عملکرد شرکت، نقش تعدیلگری دارد. به عبارت دیگر، شرکت‌ها با انتخاب راهبرد تجاری مناسب و سازگار با عملیات خود، تلاش کرده‌اند تا رابطۀ بین افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری و عملکرد شرکت را تقویت کنند؛ بنابراین شرکت‌هایی که اهمیت بیشتری برای افشاهای پایداری قائل شده‌اند و افشای این اطلاعات را در اولویت قرار داده‌اند، از ارزش و عملکرد بالایی برخوردارند. از سوی دیگر، با توجه به استفاده از الگوی مایلز و اسنو و تقسیم‌بندی استراتژی تجاری به دو دستۀ تدافعی و تهاجمی، نتایج نشان داد شرکت‌هایی که استراتژی تجاری تهاجمی را اتخاذ کرده‌اند، نسبت به شرکت‌هایی که استراتژی تجاری تدافعی را در پیش گرفته‌اند، بیشتر به افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری اقدام می‌کنند. پیشنهاد می‌شود که سرمایه‌گذاران، به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد شرکت، علاوه‌بر توجه به افشاهای مالی، افشاهای غیرمالی (پایداری) را نیز مد نظر قرار دهند تا سرمایه‌گذاری بهینه انجام و از اتلاف منابع جلوگیری شود. پژوهش حاضر بینش‌های جدیدی را در باب تأثیر افشای اطلاعات بااهمیت پایداری بر عملکرد شرکت با نقش تعدیلگری استراتژی تجاری و اجرای آن در بازارهای نوظهور ارائه می‌دهد که به‌طور گسترده مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Material Sustainability Information Disclosure and Company Performance: The Moderating Role of Business Strategy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrdad Panahi Dorcheh 1
  • Hamzeh Didar 2
  • Gholamreza Mansourfar 2
  • Mehdi Heydari 2
  • Ali Ashtab 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Deparment of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Associate Prof, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
The primary challenges of the 21st century, particularly resource scarcity and the efficient utilization of resources, have intensified global awareness of sustainability and its implications for sustainable development. Achieving sustainable development requires businesses to adopt strategies that integrate economic objectives with environmental and social dimensions. As critical pillars of society, companies significantly influence sustainable development initiatives; their collaboration is essential for meaningful progress. The implementation of sustainability initiatives serves as a precursor to the disclosure of sustainability information, enabling companies to reap the advantages of both implementation and disclosure processes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of material sustainability information disclosure on company performance, while also considering the moderating effect of business strategy.
Methods
This research adopts a descriptive-correlational approach with a focus on practical application. A library method was utilized to gather relevant information and establish theoretical foundations. Financial data were extracted using document mining techniques applied to audited financial statements, while sustainability information was obtained through content analysis and mapping from the companies' board of directors or sustainability reports. The statistical population comprises 102 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022.
Results
The findings indicate a strong and significant positive relationship between the transparency of material sustainability information disclosure and company performance. Furthermore, business strategy plays a moderating role in this relationship, strengthening the positive connection between sustainability disclosure and performance outcomes.
Conclusion
The manager's goal is to increase shareholder wealth. In addition to traditional financial investments, the manager can also make a new type of investment called investment in sustainable activities. That's why investors with a longer horizon prefer companies with a higher environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, while short-term investors prefer the opposite. The analysis demonstrates that companies engaging in extensive material sustainability information disclosure achieve superior performance and value compared to those with limited disclosures. By fostering transparency in their sustainability efforts, companies enhance their competitive advantage, leading to improved performance and increased value. Additionally, business strategy emerges as a crucial moderating factor in the relationship between material sustainability information disclosure and overall company performance. Firms that align their reporting of sustainability information with their operational strategies tend to outperform their peers. Notably, according to the Miles and Snow model, which categorizes business strategies as either defensive or offensive, the results suggest that companies employing aggressive strategies are more inclined to disclose material sustainability information than those with defensive strategies. It is also recommended that investors consider non-financial disclosures (sustainability) to evaluate the performance of the company, in addition to paying attention to financial disclosures, so that optimal investment is made, and resources are not wasted. This research contributes novel insights into the relationship between material sustainability information disclosure and firm performance, emphasizing the moderating influence of business strategy, particularly within the context of emerging markets—an area that warrants further exploration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Business strategy
  • Company value
  • Company's performance
  • Material sustainability information disclosure
  • Sustainability
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