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دکتر محمدرضا
نیکبخت
author
دکتر امید
پورحیدری
author
text
article
2003
per
From the first to the third Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plans, where the government authorities laid stress on the economic growth, a large number of plans and projects were proposed and approved. Many of these projects were abandoned half-finished owing to the insufficient feasibility studies, inaccurate assessments and far-fetched predictions, and in the circumstances where such projects went on stream, they did not yield the expected economic output. The untoward outcomes can attest to the incorrect decision-making at the managerial top echelons of economic organizations.
One of the main factors affecting the managerial decision-making is attributed to the inaccessibility of managers to information at any stage of this process in the capital budgeting projects such as recognition of the status quo, identification of potential projects (problem identification) and project analysis.
The major goal of this research is to identify the required information based on time horizon (historical or future
orientation) for top-level management in capital budgeting decisions. Additionally, the information needs have been prioritized in the order of importance at each stage of decision-making. After an extensive review of the literature, 24 hypotheses at the status quo recognition (12 items for the future and 12 items for the past), and 23 hypotheses at the problem identification (18 items for the future and 5 items for the past) and 30 hypotheses at the project analysis (23 items for the future and 7 items for the past) have, been developed. A comparative study of time horizon (based on historical and future information) at any stage of decision-making indicates that the future information is much more significant than historical information. This paper also includes some suggestions with regard to the outcome.
Accounting and Auditing Review
University of Tehran
2645-8020
10
v.
1
no.
2003
https://acctgrev.ut.ac.ir/article_10453_ed3a75a91510deef1d080e639fe6bea3.pdf
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دکتر ایرج
نوروش
author
مهدی غلام
زاده
author
text
article
2003
per
During some past decades, Box Jenkins time-series techniques have been increasingly used to explain, analyze and control tax data in the areas of marketing, production planning, strategic management, finance, captial markets and the like. The same techniques have been applied in the present research to describe the data and examine the behavior of accounting income. The long-range target of the income concept is to attribute “income” to the facts and observations in the real world, being interpreted in two main ways:
1) The capital maintenance concept which is regarded as the most significant by many individuals in that it is endorsed by the Economic Council.
2) The income efficiency concept where the net profit and its related factors are often used as yardsticks to measure the management efficiency.
The third main goal of ‘the income” should be assessed on the basis of its behavioral dimensions. Predictability is one of the behavioral characteristics. The net incomes of several business cycles may be used to make predictions related to the future operations of an enterprise if other factors are within the span of control. Other behavioral characteristics include managerial decision-making, ratio of income variations with the prices of stock exchange and investors’ request for income numbers regardless of the absence of informational contents. Thus the survey of income behavior is of paramount importance in the light of the need felt for the accounting income numbers.
Researches done in this respect have proved that the creation process of companie’s annual income is a moving average (or random walk) of the autoregressive / seasonal income.
The experiments in this research indicate that the creation process of annual income for the Iranian companies is also a moving average. Moreover , the incomes of such companies are lacking in quality, being without rich informational content as to the subsequent incomes. The outcomes gained from intradivisional process aslo hint at the equality of the income creation process in a specific industry.
Accounting and Auditing Review
University of Tehran
2645-8020
10
v.
1
no.
2003
https://acctgrev.ut.ac.ir/article_10454_7746dc7bf0f689698525fe14b07314c0.pdf
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دکتر محمد عرب مازار
یزدی
author
کاترین
رادمهر
author
text
article
2003
per
Users of financial statements need full information about all
aspects of financial performance which will help them in their economic decision-making process. Thus all incomes and costs should be verified in a certain business cycle. To this end, the Accounting and Auditing Standards Committee has presented a new report entitled ‘the Comprehensive Income’, which is binding on all businesses.
This research aims to examine the viewpoints expressed by users and university accounting forums on the necessity of disclosing individual components of comprehensive incomes and of discussing them in a separate statement. For this reason, two hypotheses are brought up here. The first hypothesis reveals the components of comprehensive income in the eyes of users and university accounting forums. The second hypothesis centers on the importance of presenting such components in a separate statement. The outcome has proved that disclosure of the individual components of comprehensive income is crucial in the extra-organizational reporting but it is not necessary to present such components separately.
Accounting and Auditing Review
University of Tehran
2645-8020
10
v.
1
no.
2003
https://acctgrev.ut.ac.ir/article_10455_2204603af166b86b7331758bb40a4344.pdf
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دکتر جعفر
باباجانی
author
text
article
2003
per
This article examines the capabilities of the financial system governing the expenditures of public treasury in the country from the viewpoint of public accountability. In a democratically elected form of government, the spending of public treasury will bear both financial and operational accountabilities. The financial accountability compels the government to convince the supervisory bodies that incomes and expenditures have been carried out within the framework of the goals set in the annual budget. The operational accountablity enforces the government to convince the general public on the degree of its successes and achievements. Control systems are needed in both accountabilities to assess efficiency and effectiveness of the governmental performance. The financial controls will be all-inclusive to ensure the proper fulfillment of all rules and budget restrictions in the spending of financial resources. An investigation into the financial controls under the State Public Accounts rules reflect that such controls have deteriorated from the era of Constitutional Movement to the present time. The existing evidence indicates that ministers or executives have not been accountable to the financial auditor appointed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance.
Financial controls are carried out in two phases: pre-and-post spending of budget.
The pre-spending financial control mainly aims to verify the requests made by the executive agencies for services and procurement of goods with regard to the prevalent rules, and to ensure the allocation of necessary funds for the fulfillment of financial obligations whereas the chief aim of the post-spending financial control is to complete such duty within the context of a country’s financial system.
An efficient and operative financial system will be able to ensure the accuracy and legality of financial services, to guarantee the inviolability of public treasury and property, to make the adjustments of costs, expenditures and other payments in conformity with the allocated funds as provided by the rules and regulations in force. In Iran this mission has been entrusted to the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. This Ministry functions its duty by appointing financial controllers at the government organization, agencies and entities. In recent years, doubt has been cast over the financial control exercised by the said Ministry. There have been shortcomings and flaws in its control system. Thus, it is vitally important to present a legal and functional analysis on the situation of the financial control system as well as formulation of control pivots.
Accounting and Auditing Review
University of Tehran
2645-8020
10
v.
1
no.
2003
https://acctgrev.ut.ac.ir/article_10456_105bf2b998419e24a1e82f0d480cfd1e.pdf
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دکتر ویدا
مجتهدزاده
author
مرضیه
مؤمنی
author
text
article
2003
per
The financial statements are the marginal product of the financial reporting. In fact, each financial statement indicates a series of information providing a clear perspective of the enterprise. The Comprehensive Income Statement is one of the financial statements that indicates the degree of increase or decrease in an owner’s equity.
Investors, creditors, managers and other practitioners need information about the changes in assets and liabilities of an enterprise, the results of transactions and the conditions occasioned by the environment.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the Comprehensive Income Statement on the decisions of financial statement users. Therefore, in order to identify the decision making factors that are used by financial statement users, the accounting literature was surveyed. The earned factors are employed to provide a questionnaire.
To attain the objectives set in the research, the necessary
information is collected by means of a. written questionnaire. Statistical population includes two groups: managers and senior financial experts of the investment companies (103) and financial managers and senior financial experts of the Water and Electric Industry (120).
The hypothesis of this study is as follows:
1- The Comprehensieve Incom Statement affects the decisions of
the financial statement users.
2- No significant difference exists in the perspectives of the
financial statement users related to the effect of the
Comprehensive Income Statement on their decisions.
A binomial Statistical Analysis is used for testing the first hypothesis and Chi-Square. Statistical Analysis is used for testing the second hypothesis. The results show that the Comprehensive Incom Statement affects the decisions of financial statements users. Also no significant differences have been observed in the perspectives of the financial statement users.
Accounting and Auditing Review
University of Tehran
2645-8020
10
v.
1
no.
2003
https://acctgrev.ut.ac.ir/article_10457_2d3d2ab5b894542c0856aa37ea34b029.pdf